The Æneid of Virgil Translated Into Scottish Verse

«Fyrst I protest, beaw schirris, be ȝour leif, Beis weill avisit my wark or ȝhe repreif; Consider it warly, reid oftar than anys, Weill at a blenk sle poetry nocht tayn is; And ȝit forsuyth I set my bissy pane, As that I couth, to mak it braid and plane, Kepand na sudron bot our awyn langage, And spekis as I lernyt quhen I was page.»
«Now is my wark all fynyst and compleit, Quham Jovis ire, nor fyris byrnand heit, Nor trynschand swerd sal defas, ne doun thryng, Nor lang proces of age, consumys al thyng.»

12 卷长篇译本从 Troj 陷到 Italia 立国,史诗主线完整,译序宣言"守吾苏格兰语"作总叙事框架,故 92。

«O ȝe Troianys, be all the planetis, quod he, Be all the starnys and the goddis hie, And be the hailsum spreit of hevynnys lycht, I beseik tak me with ȝou, catyve wycht, And leid me in quhat land at euer ȝe ples: That may suffys; that war my hartis eys.»
«Ascanyus ȝyng, byrnand for proper teyn, Sa gret owtrage of wordis mycht not sustene, Herand sa hie avant of pompus pryde... Omnipotent hie Jupiter, me heir Assist to this hardy commancement! ... Quyte throw the hed the Remulus dyd smyte; The grundyn steill outthrowch hys tympillys glaid.»

Æneas 主线 12 卷完整,Dido/Turnus/Junò 各卷独立登场,Ascanius 在第 IX-X 卷独立动作(射杀 Numanus),译本把维吉尔史诗人物群完整译入苏格兰语,故 91。

«Socht all our flot fast baith with rowth and saill. The swelland swyrl vphesyt ws til hevyn; Syne wald the waw swak ws doun ful evyn, As it apperit, vnder the sey to hell. Thrys the holkyt craggis hard we ȝell, Quhar as the swelch had the rolkis thyrlyt; And thrys the fame furth spowt, that so hie quhirlyt It semyt watir the starnys, as we thocht. Be this the son went to, and ws forwrocht Left dissolat; the wyndis calmyt eik:»
«Venus with this, all glaid and full of joy, Amyd the hevynly hald, rycht myld and moy, Befor Jupiter down hir self set, And baith hir armys abowt hys feyt plet, Enbrasand thame and kyssand reuerently; Syne thus with voce expres scho said in hy: Fader almychty, that from thy hevynly ryng At thy plesour rewlys and sterys al thyng, That manis dedys, thochtis, and aventuris, Reknys and knawys, and therof hes the curis;»

史诗节奏(三行/行 couplet 译入+每卷独立叙事),节奏均匀,风暴+冥府段紧迫,神会段舒缓,故 88。

«Lawd, honour, praysyngis, thankis infynyte To the and thy dulce ornat fresch endyte, Maist reuerend Virgill, of Latyn poetis prynce, Gem of engyne and flude of eloquens. Thou peirles perle, patroun of poetry, Roys, regester, palm, lawrer, and glory, Chosyn charbukkil, cheif flour, and cedyr tre, Lantarn, laid stern, myrrour, and A per se, Maister of masteris, sweit sours, and spryngand well, Wyde quhar our all rung is thyne hevynly bell;»
«Thou art our Sibill, Cristis moder deir, Prechit by prophetis and Sibilla Cumane; Thou brocht the hevynly lynnage in erd heir, Moder of God, ay virgyne doith remane, Restoring ws the goldin warld agane. Sathan the clepe I, Pluto infernall, Prynce in that dolorus den of wo and pane, Nocht God tharof, bot gretast wrech of all.»

同一段 couplet 译入("Thou art our Sibill, Cristis moder deir")+ alliterative 残响("blak and quhyte"/"moir and mirknes")+苏格兰方言词("ȝit""blenk""ȝhe"),文白夹杂+诗化+神学议论是 Douglas 标志文笔,故 94。

«The port, quhamto we cappit, wes ful large, And, fra al wyndis blast, for schip or barge Sovir al tyme: bot netheles, fast by, The grisly Ethna dyd rummyll, schudder and cry; Sum tyme thrawing owt, heich in the skyis, The blak laithly smoke that oft dyd rys As thunderis blast, and rekand as the pyk, With gledis sparkand as the hail als thik; Vpspring the blesis and fyry lumpis we se, Quhilk semyt forto lik the starnys hie; Sum tyme it rasyt gret rochys, and oft will Furth bok the bowellis or entralis of the hyll, And lowsyt stanys vpwarpys in the ayr Rownd in a sop, with mony crak and rayr: The stew of byrnand heyt law from the grond Vpstrikis thar, that doith to hevyn rebound. The rumour is, doun thrung vndir this mont Enchelades body with thundir lyis half bront, And hydduus Ethna abufe his belly set; Quhen he lyst gant or blaw, the fyre is bet, And from that furnys the flambe doith brist or glide:»
«Quhat wenys fulys this saxt buke be bot japis, Al ful of leys or ald ydolatryis? O hald ȝour pace, ȝe verray goddis apis! Reid, reid agane, this volume, mair than twys: Consider quhat hyd sentence tharin lyis: Be war to lak, les than ȝe knew weil quhat; And gif ȝou list not wirk eftir the wis, Heich on ȝour hed set vp the foly hat. Wald thou I suld this buke to the declare, Quhilk war impossibil til expreme at schort?»

维吉尔神话地理(Troy/Cartago/Italia 西西里 Etna/Enceladus 神话/Elysium 冥府)+ 神学解读(Douglas 自己把维吉尔读成"基督教先知")+ 苏格兰诗人世界(译序引 Henry 圣克莱尔 + Étienne,Latin 语学家 Seruius),三层世界观厚实,故 93。

«Lawd, honour, praysyngis, thankis infynyte To the and thy dulce ornat fresch endyte, Maist reuerend Virgill, of Latyn poetis prynce, Gem of engyne and flude of eloquens.»
«Ne na mair lyke than the devill and Sanct Austyne; Haue he na thank tharfor, bot loys hys pyne, So schamefully that story dyd pervert; I red hys wark with harmys at my hart, That syk a buke, but sentens or engyne, Suldbe intitillit eftir the poet dyve; His ornate goldyn versis, mair than gilt, I spittit for dispyte to se swa spilt With sych a wyght, quhilk trewly, be myne entent, Knew neuer thre wordis at all quhat Virgill ment: Sa fer he chowpis I am constrenyt to flyte.»

译序双钩——开头赞美维吉尔+中段讥刺 Caxton 英译,把"苏格兰语译本=唯一正确读法"立为总命题,故 90。

«Convoy me, Sibil, that I ga nocht wrang. Quhat wenys fulys this saxt buke be bot japis, Al ful of leys or ald ydolatryis? O hald ȝour pace, ȝe verray goddis apis! Reid, reid agane, this volume, mair than twys: Consider quhat hyd sentence tharin lyis: Be war to lak, les than ȝe knew weil quhat; And gif ȝou list not wirk eftir the wis, Heich on ȝour hed set vp the foly hat.»
«In veir he says that God als formyt man, The son, the mone, and all the starnys bright: We grant in veir that first the warld began. Happy war he knew the caus of al thingis, And settis on syde all dreid and cuyr, quod he, Vndir his feyt at treddis, and down thryngis, Chancis ontretabill of fatis and destane, All feir of ded, and eik of hellis see; Happy he callys sik wightis, and sa do I: Quhar may we swa optene felicite? Neuer bot in hevin empire abone the sky.»

译序中 Douglas 把维吉尔第 VI 卷读成"基督教神学预言"(sin/purgatory/Elysium/heaven/hell),并把 Sibilla 与 Virgin Mary 等同,把 Pluto 读作 Sathan——这种"基督教读维吉尔"是中世纪苏格兰神学-文学融合的标志创新,Douglas 是苏格兰中世纪文学神学化第一人,故 95。

«Now is my wark all fynyst and compleit, Quham Jovis ire, nor fyris byrnand heit, Nor trynschand swerd sal defas, ne doun thryng, Nor lang proces of age, consumys al thyng. Quhen that onknawyn day sall hym addres, Quhilk not bot on this body power hes, And endis the dait of myn oncertan eld, The bettir part of me salbe vpheld»
«Quham the famyll and kynrent Julian Doith clepe and call amangis thame euery ane Indigites; quhilk is alsmekill to say, As God induellar, at thar sudiornys ay; And, in remembrans of this ilk turn, Thai gan hysld templis wirschip and adorn.»

末卷以"wonder work"既指 Æneas 也指译本本身,Jupiter 应允神化+Ene 升天+ Julian 氏族立祠——维吉尔主线圆满收束,Douglas 以"wonder work"作结为译本增添"诗人为永恒存在"的自喻,是中世纪译序与正文互文的标志结法,故 90。