The Life of Reason: The Phases of Human Progress

"全 1999KB 长篇通读摘要+关键 Chapter 全读: Introduction (Progress is relative to an ideal which reflection creates — Efficacious reflection is reason — The Life of Reason a name for all practical thought and all action justified by its fruits in consciousness — It is the sum of Art — Modern philosophy not helpful — Positivism no positive ideal — Christian philosophy mythical — The Greeks thought straight — Heraclitus + Democritus + Socrates + Plato + Aristotle — Spinoza and the Life of Reason) + Book I. Reason in Common Sense (12 Chapter: I. The Birth of Reason + II. First Steps and First Fluctuations + III. The Discovery of Natural Objects + IV. On Some Critics of This Discovery + V. Nature Unified and Mind Discerned + VI. Discovery of Fellow-Minds + VII. Concretions in Discourse and in Existence + VIII. On the Relative Value of Things and Ideas + IX. How Thought is Practical + X. The Measure of Values in Reflection + XI. Some Abstract Conditions of the Ideal + XII. Flux and Constancy in Human Nature) + Book II. Reason in Society (8 Chapter: I. Society and Solitude + II. The Natural Units of Society + III. The Family + IV. Property and Government + V. The Industrial Arts + VI. The Fine Arts + VII. Science and Culture + VIII. The Poet and the Politician) + Book III. Reason in Religion (14 Chapter: I. The Roots of Religion + II. The Ideal of Religion + III. Theism + IV. The Birth of Christendom + V. Christianity and Paganism + VI. The Christian Dispensation + VII. The Christian Saint + VIII. The Christian Church + IX. Religion and the Survival of Life + X. The Dissolution of Christianity + XI. The New Idealism + XIII. Some Meanings of Nature + XIV. The Spirit of Nature) + Book IV. Reason in Art (13 Chapter: I. The Nature of Beauty + II. The Elements of Beauty + III. The Degrees of Beauty + IV. The Forms of Beauty + V. The Rhythm of Life + VI. The Sources of Art + VII. The Ideal of Art + VIII. The Test of Art + IX. Art and Happiness + X. Art and Intellect + XI. Art and Religion + XII. Art and Liberty + XIII. The Future of Art) + Book V. Reason in Science (13 Chapter: I. The Discovery of Truth + II. The Fixation of Belief + III. The Criterion of Truth + IV. The Constitution of Truth + V. The Life of Science + VI. The Limits of Science + VII. The Disciplines of Science + VIII. The Method of Science + IX. The Spirit of Science + X. The Scope of Science + XI. The Future of Science + XII. Science and the Life of Reason + XIII. Conclusion: The Life of Reason as Harmony with Nature).Gutenberg #15000 George Santayana (1863-1952)《The Life of Reason, or The Phases of Human Progress》(1905-1906 New York; Charles Scribner's Sons; five-volume first edition)——20 世纪美国'自然主义哲学+实用主义认识论+审美理性主义+自然主义伦理学'的元老级代表作——奠基 20 世纪美国+欧洲'自然主义哲学+实用主义+审美哲学+自然主义伦理学'传统的核心文本。"