A Collection of Kachári Folk-Tales and Rhymes

«This little collection of Kachári folk-stories and rhymes is intended as a supplement to the Reverend Mr. Endle's Grammar of the language, and as a reading-book for those who have acquired an elementary knowledge of Kachári. I have added a rough translation, thinking that these specimens of the folk-lore of a very simple and primitive people may be of interest to some who do not care to learn Kachári»
«THE OLD MAN AND THE TIGER. / There was once an old man, who, when he was cutting reeds for his fence in the jungle, heard a tiger growling close to him; and it»

Anderson preface 直接写「这是 Kachári 民间故事抢救 + 学习读本」,18 则故事包括经典 Beauty-and-Beast(蛤蟆/12 注释)/Swan-maiden(七武士/7 注释)/Rámáyana 异文(Ráoná 雷神)/盗亦有道(四贼)等,民俗母题密度高,故 86。

«SÂSE BRAI NÎ KHORÂNG. / Sâse brai dangman. Bî sân-se hâgrâiau thâthî dân-nù thângbâ, mosa mâse sùgùmnai khnânaise.» (英译: Once upon a time there lived a man and his wife. One day, when the old man was cutting jungle...)
«*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A COLLECTION OF KACHÁRI FOLK-TALES AND RHYMES ***»

cast 由经典南亚民间故事标准集(盲人/驼背/夫妇/武士/蛙/蛇/老虎)+ 神祇链(Kuvera/Ráoná 雷神)两层叠加,密度中等但民俗完整,故 84。

«PREFACE. / This little collection of Kachári folk-stories and rhymes is intended as a supplement to the Reverend Mr. Endle's Grammar of the language»
«Obâsù bî thùrthùr bùrbùr gînânai thângdang, âru brai-nî nå man-hùi-nânai, brainù didung-khô zâsi hubâ, braiâ bungnaise: / "Manâbai; âng udubai. Âng onkhôtrânai, inzur-goblong-thing hot." / Han-bâ, mosâiâ lânzâiâ zang didung-khô hotnaise.»

民俗节奏直白,中段 SÂSE PHÂLÂNGI 节奏密(30 行左右一个动作)—「在树中藏刀—请吃—蛙声起—吓退」直陈,民俗节奏稳,故 80。

«TRANSLITERATION. / I am sorry to find that in transcribing I have wandered away from Mr. Endle's system of marking the values of the vowels. But the differences are, in essence, very small. / The circumflex accent indicates a long vowel. / "å" is as in Mr. Endle's Grammar. / "ù" is the guttural "u" printed in Mr. Endle's Grammar as "u."»
«Mâse sessâ ârù mùkhrâ zang fisikhî man. Bîsùr sânùi zang ozainù lùgùse thâiù, lùgùse zâiù, ârù lùgùse thâbaibaiù.»

Anderson 在序言 L60-L72 自陈「transliteration 偏离 Endle Grammar 标准但差别很小」——Bodo-Roman 母本(â=长 a, ù=guttural u)+ Anderson 直陈英译两套语言结构,简单稳定,无文学修饰,故 81。

«These stories were collected during a tour of only six weeks' duration in the Kachári mauzas of Mangaldai, and cost only the effort of taking down the tales as they were dictated.»
«A more tempting theory is that Assamese and Kachári are both survivals of the vanished speech of the great Koch race, who, we know, ruled where Assamese and Kachári are now spoken side by side»

Anderson 田野记录 + Koch 王朝消逝之语同源假说 + Mauzas 地理 + Kuvera 印度教神话 + Endle Grammar 同源生态,五层世界叠加,故 87。

«The Kachári version is, literally, a word-for-word translation of the Assamese. I can think of no other two languages in which it would be possible to translate a long statement word for word out of one into the other and yet be idiomatic.»
«Sâse brai dangman. Bî sân-se hâgrâiau thâthî dân-nù thângbâ, mosa mâse sùgùmnai khnânaise. Ârù obânù bînî khâthî nî frai dau mâse bîr-lâng-bâ, braiâ gîkhrong­nânai bung-nâise "Âng nangkhô manbâ, khugubân phurungauman."»

序言首句不写情节,直接立田野抢救+语言学比较钩——「Kachári folk-lore 极原始」;首篇以控告人双语句(Assamese vs Kachári 词字对应)开篇,学究钩强但民俗钩弱,故 79。

«A more tempting theory is that Assamese and Kachári are both survivals of the vanished speech of the great Koch race, who, we know, ruled where Assamese and Kachári are now spoken side by side; that Assamese has retained the Koch syntax, while it has adopted the Hindu vocabulary of Bengal; that Kachári has preserved both vocabulary and syntax. This theory, if it can be defended, would at last give Assamese a valid claim to be considered a separate tongue, and not a mere dialect of Bengali.»
«Ârúi is a common patronymic in the Kachári speech. As Mr. Gait has noted in his Census Report, the Kacháris have totemistic clans, calling themselves Bâg-ârùi, sons of the tiger, and so on. What more simple than that the Koch-ârùi are the sons of the Koches?»

Anderson 首创 Koch-ârùi 同源假说,主张 Assamese 与 Kachári 同源于 Koch 王朝消逝之语,而 Kachári 保存词汇+句法,Assamese 仅保句法+借印度教词汇;田野抢救型编纂 + 学术语言学观察双钩,故 84。

«And then the toad, their adopted son, seeing their terror, bade them not be afraid, and sent men after them to fetch them. And then they sat down with their son-in-law and daughter-in-law and feasted the men who had come with them.»
«And when the two were hale and well, they divided their spoil fairly and went home happily. And that's all!»

民俗叙事以「And that's all」/「Zapbai!」作机械式收束,无现代反转或余震,稳定但文学张力弱,故 79。