Minor Tibetan Texts I: The Song of the Eastern Snow-Mountain

«MINOR TIBETAN TEXTS. I.—THE SONG OF THE EASTERN SNOW-MOUNTAIN. ... BY JOHAN VAN MANEN. ... CALCUTTA: PRINTED AT THE BAPTIST MISSION PRESS, AND PUBLISHED BY THE ASIATIC SOCIETY, 1, PARK STREET. 1919.»
«D. TRANSLATION. THE SONG OF THE EASTERN SNOW MOUNTAIN. ... I. (His Teachers). 1. On the peak of the white snow mountain in the East... At the instant of beholding it I remember my teacher / And, pondering over his kindness, faith stirs in me.»

6 章编排 + "Teachers/Self/Contemporaries/Pupils/Prayer/Blessing" 主题标签,使 53 行偈颂独立成结构,情节功能由偈颂功能代出。

«There resided the precious ones, difficult to be invoked, / Father Famous Goodheart, the Sire with (his two spiritual) sons.»
«The abbot of the Saskya monastery is held to be the reincarnation of Padmasambhava... the Saskya abbot has in some way become the official head and master of all Tibetan witches.»

偈颂赞主与末段 Saskya abbot 两组人物关系作对比——赞主为师承,末段为权力——文本的人物功能靠"宗教师承"而非"叙事"承担。

«13. May all those who believe in these words, / With a mind bent on the drawing on of all beings by means of love and mercy, / Through the (direct) vision of the actionless state of (pure) knowledge, / Speedily obtain (that) glorious, supreme saintship.»

原诗"7 段祈祷+收束"节奏,英译维持诗行,词典按字母 a→z 推进,三拍节奏正合"偈颂-译注-索引"三段式编辑体。

«དབང་དུ་ (མ་) སོང་བ་, 22. (Not) fallen under the power (of).... The Tibetan does not 'read' but 'reads books'; he does not 'write' but 'writes letters,' he does not 'go' but 'goes to the shop.' In short, he is a very objective being.»
«ཕ་, 8. 'Father.' It is not clear why in the same line the same person is referred to by the ordinary ཕ་ and then by the honorific ཡབ་, unless ཡབ་སྲས་ is a standard expression which cannot be changed whilst the first ཕ་ is used for the sake of variety in expression.»

van Manen 用英文学术语体写"藏文构词+ 敬语体+ 词源"——同一段糅拉丁语法("honorific")+ 藏语词例 + 文化掌故("objective being"),文笔紧凑。

«CALCUTTA: / PRINTED AT THE BAPTIST MISSION PRESS, / AND PUBLISHED BY THE / ASIATIC SOCIETY, 1, PARK STREET. / 1919.»
«སྐྱེས་དམན་བརྒྱ་ལ་མཁའ་འགྲོ་གཅིག་ / ཁྱོ་ག་བརྒྱ་ལ་འབའ་པོ་གཅིག་ / Amongst a hundred women (at most) one khando! / Amongst a hundred men (at most) one sorcerer!»

三地四位——印刷地 Calcutta + 出版地 Asiatic Society + 寺院驻地 Ghoom/Saskya + 学术辩论地 Jäschke/Das 词典——世界观厚度足,1910s 西藏研究"欧洲学者+印度出版+藏地采集"链条完整。

«Since Jäschke's third edition, two new Tibetan dictionaries have appeared. Walsh in an article in the J.A.S.B., Vol. 72, Pt. 1, n. 2, 1903, reviewing the last one of these, the one by Sarat Chandra Das, says, p. 78: "Although the present Dictionary has fulfilled what it purposed to be, namely, a complete Dictionary of literary Tibetan, so far as our present sources of knowledge go, it does not fulfil the requirements of a standard dictionary..."»

首段把"藏语词典尚未完备"作钩,把偈颂编辑提升到"填补词典"高度;钩不在情节,在学术命题——van Manen 编辑体的标志手法。

«The following essay is a first contribution towards an attempt to serve such an ideal.»

"first contribution" 自陈——van Manen 明示此作为后续藏语学术编辑的范式起点;创新不在文学,在学术体裁——这与经典藏语文学(如米庞《米拉日巴传》)的文学编辑不同。

«སྐྱེས་དམན་བརྒྱ་ལ་མཁའ་འགྲོ་གཅིག་ / ཁྱོ་ག་བརྒྱ་ལ་འབའ་པོ་གཅིག་ ... That is—khando being here used in the good sense of fairy—: Amongst many women there is scarcely one extremely good, but amongst many men there is scarcely one extremely bad. In fact, in Tibet, all women are suspected of having just a little seed of evil (of the witch) in them. And so the term of reproach is not as in Europe 'Old Adam' but rather 'Old Eve.'»

末段从偈颂主题("修法+敬师")骤转至女巫民族志与藏地民俗掌故("Old Eve");主题跳脱但增加文本的人类学价值,余震有余,聚焦不足——故 84 而非 90。